Year 9 Science

Science units are delivered to individual classes on a rotation. The units listed below may not always be studied sequentially.

Unit Content

Biology

Cells

 

This unit teaches students to understand the nomenclature and functions of organisms at a cellular level. Students also deepen their understanding of microscopy and the growth of microorganisms. 

Key knowledge developed:

  • Knowing the detailed structure of eukaryotes
  • Knowing the detailed structure of prokaryotes
  • Understanding how structure relates to function of cells
  • Understanding how light and electron microscopes function
  • Understanding how stem cells can be used to treat disease

Key skills developed:

  • How to use orders of magnitude 
  • How to use the magnification equation 
  • How to use a light microscope
  • How to conduct an experiment using aseptic technique 

Assessment: Learning is assessed summatively at the end of the unit. The assessment contains questions requiring short- and long-form answers based on scientific knowledge and on the ability to work scientifically.

Chemistry

Atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures

This unit enables students to understand key processes and concepts in chemistry including basic laboratory techniques and the fundamentals of chemical equations.  

Key knowledge developed:

  • Knowing the difference between atoms, elements, mixtures and compounds 
  • Knowing the structure of the atom
  • Knowing how the structure of the atom was developed 
  • Knowing the key techniques of separation
  • Knowing how to draw electronic structures 
  • Understanding the concept of an isotope

Key skills developed:

  • How to calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom
  • How to balance chemical equations 
  • How to interpret melting and boiling point data 
  • How to recognise and use basic chemical equipment  
  • How to add state symbols to chemical equations  

Assessment: Learning is assessed summatively at the end of the unit. The assessment contains questions requiring short- and long-form answers based on scientific knowledge and on the ability to work scientifically.

Physics

Forces

The focus of this unit is on building students' understanding of how the motion of an object relates to the forces acting upon it. Students develop and apply mathematical skills, particularly as they relate to equations and the use of scale. 

Key knowledge developed:

  • Knowing examples of different types of forces
  • Knowing how the motion of an object is affected by the forces acting on it
  • Knowing definitions and examples of scalars and vectors
  • Understanding the concept of direct proportionality

Key skills developed:

  • How to use an equation to calculate work done by a process
  • How to use an equation to calculate the force produced by a spring
  • How to distinguish between gravity, weight and mass
  • How to rearrange equations 
  • How to find the magnitude and direction of a vector
  • How to conduct an experiment to find the spring constant of a spring

Assessment: Learning is assessed summatively at the end of the unit. The assessment contains questions requiring short- and long-form answers based on scientific knowledge and on the ability to work scientifically.

Biology

Cell division

In this unit, students broaden their understanding of DNA. They explore how the order of DNA is integral to the processes operating within living things by looking at genes, inheritance, the cell cycle, mitosis and protein synthesis. 

Key knowledge developed:

  • Knowing the structure and arrangement of DNA in the nucleus of a cell 
  • Knowing the steps of protein synthesis
  • Knowing the steps of mitosis 
  • Understanding how DNA code functions 
  • Understanding the importance of the cell cycle 
  • Understanding whether characteristics are inherited or environmental

Key skills developed:

  • How to clone plants using meristem cells 
  • How to predict inherited characteristics 
  • How to identify steps of the cell cycle and mitosis 
  • How to predict how changes in an organism change protein structure 

Assessment: Learning is assessed summatively at the end of the unit. The assessment contains questions requiring short- and long-form answers based on scientific knowledge and on the ability to work scientifically.

Chemistry

Acid reactions

 

In this unit, students learn the structure, properties and behaviours of acids and alkalis. Students complete various practical activities using acids, alkalis and indicators, learning ideas that underpin the concept of ions. 

Key knowledge developed:

  • Knowing the definition of acids, bases and alkalis 
  • Knowing examples of acids, bases and alkalis 
  • Understanding how salts are formed 

Key skills developed 

  • How to draw an electronic structure
  • How to draw positive and negative ions
  • How to use equipment to complete a neutralisation reaction 
  • How to identify salts
  • How to use equipment in order to create a salt safely 

Assessment: Learning is assessed summatively at the end of the unit. The assessment contains questions requiring short- and long-form answers based on scientific knowledge and on the ability to work scientifically.

Physics

Energy stores

 

In this unit, students learn  to describe the world in terms of energy stores and transfers. They also develop an understanding of efficiency and waste. 

Key knowledge developed:

  • Knowing definitions and examples of eight energy stores 
  • Understanding four different types of energy transfer 
  • Understanding the concept of power.
  • Understanding the concepts of efficiency, dissipation and wasted energy
  • Understanding the theory of the conservation of energy 

Key skills developed: 

  • How to use an equation to calculate the gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, and kinetic energy stored in an object, as well as the efficiency and power of a transfer
  • How to convert between different units 
  • How to identify the correct equation to use to answer a question

Assessment: Learning is assessed summatively at the end of the unit. The assessment contains questions requiring short- and long-form answers based on scientific knowledge and on the ability to work scientifically.

Biology

Enzymes

In this unit, students further develop their understanding of enzymes and the digestive system. They learn how the structure of an enzyme relates to its function.

Key knowledge developed:

  • Knowing examples of digestive enzymes 
  • Knowing examples of digestion and synthesis 
  • Knowing the roles of carbohydrase, protease and lipase 
  • Understanding how the digestive system functions 
  • Understanding how pH and temperature affect the active site of an enzyme

Key skills developed:

  • How to conduct experiments in enzyme activity 
  • How to describe and explain the action of enzymes 
  • How to test for named biochemicals 

Assessment: Learning is assessed summatively at the end of the unit. The assessment contains questions requiring short- and long-form answers based on scientific knowledge and on the ability to work scientifically.

Chemistry

Periodic table

Students consolidate their understanding of the periodic table through studying the history and core components of this crucial tool in the chemical and physical sciences.

Key knowledge developed:

  • Knowing the properties of metals and non-metals 
  • Knowing the history of developments in the periodic table 
  • Knowing properties of group 0, 1, and 7 elements 
  • Understanding the reactivity of group 0, 1 and 7 elements 
  • Understanding how different types of rock form 

Key skills developed:

  • How to determine reactivity based on structure 
  • How to describe and explain bonding structures 

Assessment: Learning is assessed summatively at the end of the unit. The assessment contains questions requiring short- and long-form answers based on scientific knowledge and on the ability to work scientifically.

Physics

Electricity

The focus of this topic is for students to understand how current, potential difference and resistance behave in a series circuit. Students also learn the structure of an electric plug and how the National Grid distributes electricity. 

Key knowledge developed: 

  • Knowing the colours of the wires in an electric plug
  • Knowing the shape of an electric field
  • Understanding how current flows in a series circuit
  • Understanding how the National Grid transports electricity as efficiently as possible
  • Understanding the difference between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) circuits

Key skills developed:

  • How to use circuit symbols 
  • How to build a circuit 
  • How to wire an electric plug 
  • How to use an equation to calculate resistance 

Assessment: Learning is assessed summatively at the end of the unit. The assessment contains questions requiring short- and long-form answers based on scientific knowledge and on the ability to work scientifically.

Biology

Ecosystems

This unit further develops students' understanding of the planet's ecosystems. Students examine a range of different ecosystems, learning their characteristics and how the plants and animals in them have different structures.  

Key knowledge developed:

  • Understanding communities, habitats, niches and ecosystems 
  • Understanding how biotic and abiotic factors affect ecosystems 
  • Understanding how populations of different organisms are measured 
  • Knowing about animal and plant adaptions 
  • Understanding taxonomic devices used to classify living organisms 

Key skills developed: 

  • How to design practical methodology for sampling a population, including the use of random sampling and transect lines 
  • How to employ tools of data analysis including means, modes, medians and ranges 
  • How to represent data in graphical form 
  • How to use the Linneaus system of classification to classify a living organism 

Assessment: Learning is assessed summatively at the end of the unit. The assessment contains questions requiring short- and long-form answers based on scientific knowledge and on the ability to work scientifically.

Chemistry

Structure and bonding

This unit links the microscopic details of chemical bonding to the macroscopic properties of conductivity and boiling point. Students consolidate their knowledge of the three different types of chemical bonds, learning to understand why different substances behave differently. 

Key knowledge developed:

  • Knowing examples of states of matter 
  • Knowing examples of carbon allotropes 
  • Knowing examples of types of bonding 
  • Understanding how the structure of simple covalent molecules determines their properties 
  • Understanding how the structure of giant covalent structures determines their properties 
  • Understanding how the structure of ionic lattices determines that properties

Key skills developed:

  • How to draw ionic structures 
  • How to draw covalent structures 
  • How to describe and explain the properties of ionic and covalent structures 
  • How to critique models of matter 

Assessment: Learning is assessed summatively at the end of the unit. The assessment contains questions requiring short- and long-form answers based on scientific knowledge and on the ability to work scientifically.

Physics

Energy resources

This unit introduces different types of energy resource and equips students with specific examples of how energy is transferred. Students develop skills in working scientifically in the context of a practical experiment about insulation. 

Key knowledge developed: 

  • Knowing examples of different non-renewable energy resources 
  • Knowing examples of different renewable energy resources
  • Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of different energy resources
  • Understanding the processes of conduction, convection and radiation

Key skills developed: 

  • How to identify different variables within an experiment
  • How to conduct an experiment to measure the impact of surface colour on radiation absorbed
  • How to conduct an experiment to measure the impact of insulation on rate of change of temperature
  • How to analyse the results of an experiment

Assessment: Learning is assessed summatively at the end of the unit. The assessment contains questions requiring short- and long-form answers based on scientific knowledge and on the ability to work scientifically.